The Story Behind Bell Essay Example for Free

The Story Behind Bell Essay â€Å"Mr. Watson, come here. I want you. † These famous words by Alexander Graham Bell were spoken twice – first when the first sentence on the telephone was transmitted, and second when the first transcontinental sentence was exchanged (Feinstein 76, 92). This great genius may be world-famous for his invention of the telephone, but he preferred to be known as something else – the teacher of the deaf (World Book 2001 240). Not only was this brilliant man the creator of the device that transmits speech but also an educator and a very curious human being who desired knowledge and continued to test new ideas throughout his long and productive life. You can see how he changed and influenced the world through the years of his early life, his achievements, his miraculous telephone and its impact on the world, and his other creative inventions. Bell was born on March 3, 1847 in Edinburgh, Scotland (Foster). He was named after his grandfather, Alexander Bell and got his middle name, Graham from a family friend. His father, who was also named Alexander, taught deaf-mutes on how to speak, whereas his mother Elisa was a painter (World Book 2001 240). He was a talented musician, and could play by ear from the years of his childhood which resulted in him receiving a musical education (World Book 2001 240). Bell enrolled as a student teacher in West Howe – which was a boys’ school near Edinburgh – and taught music and speech in exchange for being tutored in other subjects (World Book 2001 240). He eventually started his own school for deaf teachers in 1872, which was one achievement of his in the line of many, although his most important one was the telephone. Ever since he was young, he had a fervent interest in human voice and an ambition for fame and fortune. From the time when Samuel Morse invented the telegraph, Bell was determined to create a new and improved version. In other words, he wanted to be able to transmit human speech. He worked with his partner, Thomas Watson, whom he met at an electrical instrument-making workshop, because he lacked necessary parts (World Book 2001 241). Together, they worked on the creation of the telephone – using a wire, a transmitter, and a receiver. On March 1876, Bell was adjusting the transmitter in the lab of his apartment. Watson was in another room adjusting the receiver, and the door between them was shut. Bell accidentally spilled battery acid on himself, and said those famous words – â€Å"Mr. Watson, come here. I want you,† which Watson heard in the other room through the receiver (Creating America 588). Life flew by for Alexander and Thomas after that. The first telephone patent was issued on March 7, 1876 (World Book 2001 241). The French government awarded Bell the Volta Prize of 50,000 francs, and he used that money to set up more labs, which also meant that he accumulated teams of bright engineers to pursue new ideas (World Book 2001 241, Bellis). Before they knew it, telephones were widely used in the United States. In 1880, more than 50,000 telephones had been sold. A year later, that number changed to 132,000 (Feinstein 89). In 1915, the first transcontinental phone call took place between Bell – who was in New York City, and Watson – who was on the other side of the country, in San Francisco (Feinstein 92). Because this took place, it opened up a whole new level of possibility for Americans. If we could get a telephone call across the country, then why not across the whole world? Today, telephones are widely used, and we all have Bell to thank although not only for this one task. Some more accomplishments of his were when he was elected the first president of the National Geographic Society, and also when he founded the Journal of Science (Ament). Although these achievements may be big, they were not as great as the invention of the telephone. As a result, Bell created the â€Å"Bell Telephone Company† in 1885, which also led to the creation of the â€Å"American Telephone Telegraph Company† (ATT), which still exists today. (Feinstein 89). The invention resulted in Alexander demonstrating his telephone at the Centennial Exhibition in Philadelphia in 1876, and also for Queen Victoria at the Royal Palace (Feinstein 79, 82). Several major scientists at the time saw his exposition, and declared â€Å"Here is the greatest marvel ever achieved in electrical science,† (Creating America 588). Two days after the exhibition, he married Mabel Hubbard and had two daughters – Elsie and Marian (Feinstein 84). They sailed to England and introduced the telephone to the British. The telephone changed the whole world to an unimaginable extent, and it all started with an accident in his lab. Although this creation was one of Bell’s more successful inventions, he also had many that were not as well-known, but were developed with such cleverness that it plainly shows his creativity and hobby for experimentation. Alexander always strived for more knowledge, which meant that he experimented whenever possible. In 1880, he invented the photophone, which transmitted sound over a beam of light (Feinstein 99). He also devised a kite capable of carrying a person, and a â€Å"hydrodome,† which was the fastest boat in the world for several years, travelling at an average speed of 70 mph (Ament). Another one of his well-known inventions was a metal detector, which came in useful when President James Garfield was shot. On July 2, 1881, doctors probed the President’s body with bare and unwashed hands, hoping to find the bullet. They were unsuccessful and called Bell, expecting him to use his metal detector. When Bell first invented this device, he tested it on Civil War veterans who still had bullets in them, and was successful for every single person. When it came to the president, however, it did not work. Garfield eventually died from blood poisoning from the doctors’ filthy hands. After his death, Bell found out that his metal detector was fine, but the springs in the President’s bed had interfered with the functioning of the machine. Many newspapers incorrectly blamed him for the president’s death, but those close to him knew that he had tried his best, and that the death was not his fault in any way (Feinstein 103, 106). Inventing the telephone alone would’ve earned Bell lifelong fame and respect, but he continued to create or improve devices to make the world a better place. Forty-one years later Bell himself passed away. On August 2, 1922, Pernicious Anemia, a blood disease, sadly claimed his life at the age of 75 (Bellis). He is remembered for being the inventor of the telephone, and making the world a smaller place, because friends and family were now just a phone call away. To honor his death, the millions of telephone lines served by the Bell Telephone System in USA and Canada went silent for a whole minute, letting the people remember who invented it and how it dramatically changed the world (Ament). To this very day we can see how Alexander Graham Bell changed each and every one of our lives, and made the world what it is through the years of his early life, his accomplishments, his extraordinary telephone and its impact on the world, and his other astounding creations. He followed his dreams and desires, and told us all to â€Å"Leave the beaten track occasionally and dive into the woods. Every time you do so you will be certain to find something that you have never seen before. † ~Alexander Graham Bell (Feinstein 5).

Artificial Neural Network Based Rotor Reactance Control Essay

Abstract: Problem statement: The Rotor reactance control by inclusion of external capacitance in the rotor circuit has been in recent research for improving the performances of Wound Rotor Induction Motor (WRIM). The rotor capacitive reactance is adjusted such that for any desired load torque the efficiency of the WRIM is maximized. The rotor external capacitance can be controlled using dynamic capacitor in which the duty ratio is varied for emulating the capacitance value. This study presents a novel technique for tracking maximum efficiency point in the entire operating range of WRIM using Artificial Neural Network (ANN). The data for ANN training were obtained on a three phase WRIM with dynamic capacitor control and rotor short circuit at different speed and load torque values. Approach: A novel nueral network model based on back-propagation algorithm has been developed and trained for determining the maximum efficiency of the motor with no prior knowledge of the machine parameter s. The input variables to the ANN are stator current (Is), Speed (N) and Torque(Tm) and the output variable is duty ratio (D). Results: The target is set with a goal of 0.00001. The accuracy of the ANN model is measured using Mean Square Error (MSE) and R2 parameters. The result of R2 value of the proposed ANN model is 0.99980. Conclusion: The optimal duty ratio and corresponding optimal rotor capacitance for improving the performances of the motor are predicted for low, medium and full loads by using proposed ANN model. Key words: Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Wound Rotor Induction Motor (WRIM), Torque(Tm), Digital Signal Processor (DSP), rotor reactance control, corresponding optimal rotor INTRODUCTION It is known from the literatu... ...11. Neural network based new energy conservation scheme for three phase induction motor operating under varying load torques. IEEE Int. Conf. PACC’11, pp: 1-6. R. A. Jayabarathi and N. Devarajan, 2007. ANN Based DSPIC Controller for Reactive Power Compensation. American Journal of Applied Sciences, 4: 508-515. DOI: 10.3844/ajassp.2007.508.515. T. Benslimane, B. Chetate and R. Beguenane, 2006. Choice Of Input Data Type Of Artificial Neural Network To Detect Faults In Alternative Current Systems. American Journal of Applied Sciences, 3: 1979-1983. DOI: 10.3844/ajassp.2006.1979.1983. M. M. Krishan, L. Barazane and A. Khwaldeh, 2010. Using an Adaptative Fuzzy-Logic System to Optimize the Performances and the Reduction of Chattering Phenomenon in the Control of Induction Motor. American Journal of Applied Sciences, 7: 110-119. DOI: 10.3844/ajassp.2010.110.119.

Robert Frost Theme on Death

Throughout Frost's poetry it is clear to envisage that Frost himself had experienced great loss. His poem’s take you through some of the stages of grief he had experienced at various points in his life. There is a certain cathartic quality to his poems, it is obvious Frost used the medium of creative writing as a release from his grief, enabling him to process his losses, to accept and heal from them. His own father had died when Frost was just a boy himself and during his married life Frost found himself a father also to six offspring.His life was touched by tragedy again as he and his wife lost two of these children. One child was still born the other died at three years old. The echoes of grief can be found in the poem Home burial. â€Å"Tell me about if it's something human. Let me into your grief. I'm not so much unlike other folk as your standing there. This sections comes as the husband is pleading with the wife to communicate with him. The wife is inconsolable and is trying to flee and says to her husband â€Å"There you go sneering now!†Frost breaks this line in the middle to suggest how profoundly at odds they are, how much psychic as well as literal space separates them. (Kilcup 1988. ) Again he pleads with her â€Å"A man can't speak of his own child that's dead. Any rhetorical question demands, expects, the hearer's automatic agreement; there is nothing it expects less than a particular, specific denial. The man's â€Å"Can't a man speak . . . † means â€Å"Isn't any man allowed to speak . . . ,† but her fatally specific answer, â€Å"Not you! † makes it mean, â€Å"A man cannot—is not able to—speak, if the man is you, (Jarrell 1999.)â€Å"She then implies how insensitive he has been over the child's death and repeats the words to him that he had said after burying the child† Three foggy mornings and one rainy day will rot the best birch fence a man can build. † Amy's interpretation o f her husband's words in the kitchen reveals, ironically, that her husband may be far more subtle and sophisticated in expressing himself than she understands. Her question is really an accusation, and she believes not only that he would not care but that he is fundamentally incapable of caring (Faggen1997.)The husband through his wife Amy’s eyes has lost the ability to interact with his wife, also his wife fails to see that in fact he was referring to the child's death by his comment. As a farmer close to nature he was referring to the unfairness of it all, that no matter how hard you try fate plays a part in everything. The fence being a metaphor of how a perfectly strong structure can be taken by bad weather. In the case of the baby's life it taken by death. In the case of this poem both the husband and wife had misinterpreted each other's grieving.Failing to appreciate each other's pain in that process. In the poem â€Å"Death of a Hired Man†, there are four charac ters. Mary and Warren, partners or married it does not actually state this in the poem. Harold a young farm hand and the hired man Silas who seems to be the main character of the poem. In comparison to the couple in Home Burial and the obvious lack of empathy they seem to have for each other, Mary and Warren seem close and communicate effortlessly with each other. This is reflected in the opening verses of â€Å"death of A Hired Man†.It seems they have a relationship of mutual understanding between them. â€Å"When she heard his step, Mary was obviously familiar with Warren enough to know it was his foot fall without first seeing him. This is the opposite in Home burial obviously the wife is trying to flee from her husband a marked comparison between the two relationships. Silas has returned to this couple to die, when Mary comes across him he is â€Å"Huddled against a barn door fast asleep. † In the middle of winter this must have appeared strange to Mary.She goes o n to describe his appearance to Warren, â€Å"a miserable sight, frightening too â€Å"I didn't recognize him-I wasn't looking for him-and he's changed, â€Å"This describes a change in Silas's appearance enough to shock Mary who has known him a number of years. May be he has grown thin and worn looking. The verse paints a mental picture, you can visualize poor withered Silas curled up in the doorway of the barn and the look on Mary's face on finding him there. Warren asks Mary if he said anything she replied â€Å"but little,† Mary describes his speech to Warren almost in-coherent.This symbolises the demise of Silas as he its unable to string a sentence together. Warren is confused by this and refers to a disagreement between Silas and Harold Wilson. Wilson a young boy and Silas were good work colleagues. Harold had other ideas and went into education Silas tried everything to coax Harold back to working the farm but with little success. Silas frowned upon formal educatio n this shows through in this verse, â€Å"He said he couldn't make the boy believe He could find water with a hazel prong-which showed how much good school had ever done him.Warren says at one point â€Å"well those days trouble Silas like a dream. † Maybe Silas had regret in his life, he cut a lonely person roaming the land looking for work. His own family were well to do and educated, his brother is quoted as a Director of a bank. They are shades of Silas not been good enough in some way in his family’s eyes. Maybe he viewed Warren and Mary as family at one point Warren states† he won't be made ashamed to please his brother. † The simile between Silas and the stray hound that came from the woods and given a home on their farm paints the couple as empathetic and caring of nature.Maybe this is the reason why Silas chose them to die with rather than alone. With all the problems that arose between Silas and Harold while working for Warren and Mary. Mary stil l found it in her heart to give him a bed for the night. Mary asks Warren to check on Silas while she sits a watches the night sky. Mary is particularly watching the clouds and says to warren â€Å"I'll sit and see if that small sailing cloud will hit or miss the moon. † â€Å"It hit the moon. † This line symbolises the point as Warren looks in a Silas and realises Silas has died in his sleep.Frost reflects the mood of the poem with this short line, you can almost hear the cloud exploding off the moon as warren realises Silas is dead. Warren returns to Mary â€Å"Dead†, was all he said. The ending of the poem also shows the impact of death, as Warren silently sits beside Mary and he only gives a one-word answer of â€Å"Dead†. This emphasizes the impact of Silas’ death and what it means to the couple. The bluntness of his reaction gives a feeling of grief and disbelief (Study Mode, ND) In both these poems Frost deals with death in an intimate way, you can tell by the style of each verse he is writing from experience.The mood and tone of each poem is dramatic and it is as though you are a fly on the wall actually witnessing the events that unfold in each verse from beginning to end. Again in the poem â€Å"Out Out†, there is a comparison between the disbelief of the wife in her reaction towards her husband, at his perceived lack of care towards the child’s death in the poem, â€Å"Home Burial,† and the reaction of the gathered crowed after the poor boy perishes.As it states in Out Out, â€Å"And they, since they, (the gathered crowd,) Were not the one dead, turned to their affairs. Certainly there was sorrow, mourning and a tearful funeral, but none of that pertains to the poet’s message. The living have lives to lead (Wood 2008. )This is the last line of the poem after the poor victim, 16yr old Raymond Fitzgerald dies in the accident of horrific injuries caused by a buzz saw. The poor child bleeds to death after his hand is severed by the saw.Robert Frost clearly accomplished great things as a poet. After a long and successful career as a professor teaching poetry, he went on to win The Pulitzer Prizes twice for his literary works. This gentle farmer-poet† whose platform manner concealed the ever-troubled, agitated private man who sought through each of his poems â€Å"a momentary stay against confusion. † (Burnshaw. S 2000. ) Frost became the voice of the ordinary American and to this day is still held in the highest regard even after his death.

Merchant Of Venice Character Analysis - 1027 Words

The characters in The Merchant of Venice teeter between the roles of protagonist and antagonist as Antonio, Shylock, and Portia contend among the unstable lines between that of victim, villain, and hero as the characters reveal their tendencies of schadenfreude behavior which discloses on their true nature -- are they innately evil or are they justly moral? Antonio, the regarded protagonist of the play, and the merchant that is named in the title of The Merchant of Venice is shown as a character who is steadfast and passionate in his endeavors, whether that be in friendship or finance. However, in the play, the audience can see Antonio relenting to the wishes of others as if he is a victim to the world and does not see his own hostility†¦show more content†¦Portia is a resolute and strong character who acts unwaveringly. Nonetheless, the trial is concluded with Portia’s decision as she disguises as a man and judge. This is controversial because Portia has a clear bias toward Antonio as she says â€Å"Which makes me think that this Antonio, Being the bosom lover of my lord, Must needs be like my lord† (3.4.16-18). Portia compares Antonio to her lover Bassanio, and that reveals an apparent bias towards Antonio who she regards in the same respect as â€Å"her lord† Bassanio. Can a trial with such a clear bias be considered just? Additionally, when Portia completely ruins Shylock by taking his land, wealth, and religious belief, she reveals an implicit schadenfreude as shown through her tone when she says â€Å"Soft! The Jew shall have all justice. Soft! No haste! He shall have nothing but the penalty† after informing Shylock about the impossible task of taking the pound of flesh off Antonio without shedding an ounce of blood (4.1.317-318). Portia is taking joy out of mocking Shylock and knowing that Shylock cannot get his desired justice. Through this the audience can infer that Portia is not wholly just or good, but makes decisions on her own self-interests much like the antagonist Shylock. Finally, it is traditionally accepted by the Shakespearean audience that the antagonist of The Merchant of Venice is the Jewish merchant Shylock, whom Shakespeare depicts as cold-hearted andShow MoreRelatedMerchant Of Venice Character Analysis1119 Words   |  5 PagesThe play succeeds because of it’s raw realism. By making none of the characters admirable, it is actually a mirror of society itself. Usually people do have qualities that are not admirable and that it why the play succeeds, because it shows the true characteristics of humans in today’s society. It also shows human characteristics, of humans as a generalization. When evaluating the question of the plays merit, it can be tied back to the same idea. Therefore, the play succeeds in staying true to theRead MoreMerchant Of Venice Shylock Character Analysis762 Words   |  4 PagesThe Merchant of Venice is one of Shakespeare’s most widely known and controversial comedies. Written in the late 1590s, its ’ controversy stems from the modern mindset between tolerance and prejudice. Shylock, who was â€Å"at once a fabulous monster, the Jew incarnate, and also a troubling human uneasily joined with the monster in an uncanny blend†, is now looked at as a victim in light of the prejudice bestowed upon him now being recognized. Shylock’s character is so stereotypically Jewish that he becomesRead MoreCharacter Analysis of Shylock from The Merchant of Venice469 Words   |  2 PagesWilliam Shakespeares The Merchant of Venice is a classic play that has also brought about some issues revolving around the antagonist of the story Shylock. 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(McDonald 212) This analysis will review the written work of the play and the production from the Sweet Tea Shakespeare Theater Group. An overview on a few on the main stories within the play: the animosity in the relationship between Antonio the merchant and Shylock the Jewish moneylender, the courtship of Bassanio and Portia, and the secret eloping of Jessica and LorenzoRead MoreMerchant of Venice - Plot Structure1714 Words   |  7 Pagesof ‘The Merchant of Venice is apparently fanciful but in reality exactingly structured./b/center br brThe Merchant of Venice is a fairy tale. There is no more reality in Shylocks bond and the Lord of Belmonts will than in Jack and the Beanstalk. brH. Granville-Barker, in Prefaces to Shakespeare. br brThis is one way of looking at the play, reading it or enjoying the performance. But it can be a contradiction to our actual feelings about this complex play. ‘The Merchant of VeniceRead MoreRacism And Prejudice By William Shakespeare s The Merchant Of Venice Essay1699 Words   |  7 Pagesreligion and what they believe in, however there is racism and prejudice present in the world. William Shakespeare’s The Merchant of Venice is one of his most controversial plays. Written in the 16th century England, the play poses many questions concerning racial, religious and human differences due to anti-semitism being very common at the time. The story is set in Venice where a merchant named Antonio lived. His poor friend Bassanio wants to charm and marry a lovely, rich girl of Belmont called PortiaRead MoreMerchant Of Venice Essay Outline956 Words   |  4 Pages The Merchant of Venice Essay Outline Introduction: Hook: The theme is the main subject or message of a story. It is used to give depth and enhance the plot. The themes of The Merchant of Venice are used throughout the story of the play to make the plot move along and to encourage the characters into action. Bridge: When you read The Merchant of Venice by William Shakespeare there are many themes throughout the play and many lessons to be learned. Main Ideas: The most important themes are hatredRead More Shakespeares Presentation of Shylock in The Merchant of Venice831 Words   |  4 PagesShakespeares Presentation of Shylock in The Merchant of Venice This essay is an analysis of how the character of Shylock, in the play The Merchant of Venice, is presented to the audience, by Shakespeare, in different ways. The riveting play shows the best and worst aspects of human nature and contains one of Shakespeares most reviled, complex and compelling characters. Love and romance end this play, yet before that come bigotry, racism, hatred, death threats and